This curriculum is aimed at the years prior to children attending formal schooling, which generally starts at the age of six depending on the individual situation of each child. The purpose of this document is to help Timorese educators make informed decisions about curriculum content and pedagogical approaches in Early Childhood Education. The guidelines are based on theory and research about how children develop and learn; they reflect the growing consensus among early childhood professional organizations that a greater emphasis needs to be placed on young children’s learning abilities, acquisition of basic skills, child-centered approaches and participation in meaningful and relevant learning experiences. Thus, this manual combines theory with practical examples of participatory and child-centered approaches to learning and education with a special focus on the particular context of Timor-Leste. Additionally, it provides educators with possibilities to reflect on their own working styles and perspectives while further developing their teaching skills and capacities.
This manual focuses on the specific needs, capacities and vulnerabilities of the children the educators are working with. The intent is to ensure that all children have the opportunity to fully develop their capacities. Due to age differences and previous experiences, however, children will have different levels and areas of knowledge. Children’s current strengths and skills should serve as the starting point for new experiences and instruction, rather than become a limitation to learning. If there is not enough time to work through every step, please feel free to cut out some activities or adapt them according to the possible time frame, needs and interests of the participants.